COVID 19 has been an ongoing pandemic for the last year. There has been so many new things we learn everyday about this virus that effects how we have been living our lives. With this pandemic record high unemployment numbers followed with those all over the world out of work. Many began to rely on the government for there income. Overall in an article by Colin Seale he covers the importance of going to college and receiving a degree from the information that we gained from this pandemic. The high unemployment rate created a large strain on the economy. People were no longer traveling, eating out at restaurants or even leaving their homes. This created a large economic loss for not only the United States but many other countries. The effect on the economy was something that affected everyone. There were so many unknowns with this pandemic which left people unable to pay bills, rent, car payments etc. Hospitals were at capacity and people were being ordered to sheltered in place. This type of life is something that we had never had to experience before. With all of this occurring you could see the detrimental effects that Covid had on the economy.

The economy has suffered many issues that were results of the multiple panics that had occurred over time in the United States. The Panic in 1929 had many long-lasting effects that the economy would struggle with for many years. Unemployment levels were at an all-time high. The market crash was fast approaching. In the text by Bernstein he states, “he proportions of the American labor force that was organized in the interwar period, while high by historical standards, was not as high as in other industrialized nations where recovery obtained sooner. These facts leave one unpersuaded that price (and wage) inflexibility explains the longest depression in American economic history (Bernstein 52).  The depression was long lasting with many detrimental effects to society. The depression created a change in consumer demands which later ended up boosting the economy. The War created a bigger spread of economy struggles that was not only in the United States but other countries as well. The housing boom and stock boom both ended roughly due to the wave of the new depression that was occurring. All countries were experiencing similar issues causing deflation and depression in many other places. They were all an effect of one another due to imports, exports, and other international trade.

The 1873 Panic created tight credit and the New York Stock exchange began to lower. With the unemployment rate still high wages would be cut for years. There were continued new inventions throughout the next several years. The telephone, the phonograph and the lightbulb were the very important ones. There was a farm boom that was allowing for more crops and exports being made. There was more room for planting, animals, and farmland. The constant expanding was creating new states and boundaries across the United States. With more cities growing on both coasts there was an increase in immigration. Ellis island created a large immigration process for those coming from Europe. Angel island was set up in San Francisco , and primarily focused on the Chinese as a part of the exclusion act. The migrants coming in became primarily factory workers. These workers began seeking labor unions to resist the risk of corporations. There became a strong want for social change and social justice. This included the passage of the pure food and drug act. Systematic racism became a large issue and was spreading. This racism was mostly against African Americans but also applied to Hispanics, natives, Asians, Jews, and Italians. There began to be a fight for justice leading to the creation of the NAACP. Against African Americans segregation laws were passed by the supreme court. Segregation was spreading rapidly and the KKK had a strong presence. 

The Panic of 1837 caused for many issues that would affect the economy. The cotton industry was collapsing and there were wars with opium and silver. The credit system was on the decline greatly.  With all of the decline this led to multiple factories closing almost 90% of them closing. This led to many people being unemployed. For those still employed the wages were no longer what they used to be and were lower. The Panic was being blamed on Van Buren. From the 1740’s to 1840’s the second awakening was occurring, and this was leading to new religious outbreaks. The rise in new religion was leading to a change in society including prison and asylum reform. There was also a reform in education at the time. There was a fight to teach protestant religion in the public schools. Throughout all of this reform there were many new inventions that were coming about. The threshing machine and the steel plow were expanding in the west. As well as the sewing machine, and the revolver. New inventions also led to expanding territories. Moving westward was a big part to this. Moving westward also led to a gold rush that caused the population to boom in California. The increase in population also led to the Panic of 1857 that created more tariffs, infrastructure, and free soil. The expansion of political parties.

Expanding out west was an important part of History but it was not done easily. In 1837 there was a panic. Issue with the banks, a cotton decline and opium wars. All leading to a credit collapse, factories closing and unemployment rising. This panic had paved the way for new inventions and new outlooks on life and the way of living. Strides had been made in the area of health. Women began fighting for their rights as well. Education was expanding as well with new laws and requirements being made. The spread-out westward was economically very beneficial. New canals and railroads being created made spreading goods and services a lot easier. When the US gets to California there was a rush for gold. This led to higher populations in California because the gold was pulling people in. All of this gold then leads to another panic. The Panic of 1857. With the everchanging landscape of the United States slavery was still very big down south. The treatment of them was still detrimental and they were living in large plantations. With the high tensions in the south the Civil war had broken out. Although there were negatives from the war there were many positives that came about from the civil war. With new factories, more railroads, and new inventions. There was also breakthrough for African Americans and they had begun gaining more rights and were being recognized. 

Different trade routes and migration had affected many different things including economies, new settlements, and slavery.  Migration began to create different trade routes, and also looking for certain items. For example, the Spanish who had conquered the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America and most of South America on the hunt for gold. Many colonies had a rise in African Slavery. When people were enslaved, they were placed in harsh conditions working on sugar plantations and trap furs. Many people living in the 13^th colonies were slaves, “By 1775, 500,000 of the thirteen colonies 2.5 inhabitants were slaves, about the same as the number of slaves than alive in the British Caribbean Colonies”(Baptist 4). The amount of peope being enslaved was incredibily high. The slave trade that was occurring had created a profit to different settlers and their farm land. When slaves were put to work, they were held under harsh conditions not only on their journeys to settlers but once they arrived as well. The slave trade had created a prosperous economy at the expense of others well-being.  The slave trade had boosted the economy greatly. With the economy and prosperous trade occurring had come with a lot of taxation including the sugar act and stamp act. The point of these taxes was used to raise money for the cost of the war. The Townsend acts also caused for revolt by the people. Riots and Protests occurred in response. Along with all of this occurring a committee Jefferson, Adams, and Franklin to declare independence. 

Ecological issues have many impacts on the environment. More recently pollution has had such a negative effect on the environment. More people in today’s society are producing more pollution than ever. Air pollution and water pollution both have long lasting effects on humans and the environment. Air pollution is environmental pollution that is caused by harmful gases, which contaminated the air and has poisonous effects. Water pollution is when a body of water becomes contaminated. This is almost always a direct result of humans and human activities. I think overall water pollution is a bigger ecological issue. This is because it not only affects humans but also many ecosystems that live underwater. Water pollution comes from many people littering and the harmful plastics that are left by humans. The biggest issues occur in  oceans. Our oceans today are severely polluted. Microplastics are what are considered the biggest issue and are the hardest to remove from our oceans. More and more plastics are washing up on shores and harming the wildlife. Animals living in the ocean are who are being harmed the most. They are often times mistaking the plastics as food and that is what causing many animals to die or suffer serious issues. Beaches are also suffering. They are causing plastics to wash up and are covering shore lines. When fresh water is contaminated it also causes for many issues as fresh water, and that is something that we don’t have many sources of. I think it is important to monitor out personal pollution so we are able to reduce both air and water pollution.

Investing in companies is very beneficial. People invest in these things so they can gain money and interest. If I had to invest in a company of Oil, Natural gas, wind, solar, or nuclear energy. I would invest in natural gas because it is cheap and clean. It is beneficial to the environment because it does not produce a lot of carbon into the environment. Oil is dirty and not environmentally friendly, and produces greenhouse gases. Wind is considered to be unreliable, and many of the perpelar are not biodegradable and recyclable and end up in landfills. Solar energy is also considered to be unreliable because if it’s not sunny it is hard to create solar energy. Nuclear energy is unpopular, the waste from it does not break down and has to be put in special storage. Personally I think before you invest in a company it is important to know what they are all about. Otherwise you are investing your money in something you don’t know much about. I think investing in something that is good for the environment. Natural gas is naturally occuring, and can be used in many different ways. They are used in our homes, in many industrial places, and in transportation. It is considered a clean energy alternative, and produces little to know greenhouse gases. It is considered to be a growing market, they are beginning to use these gases for electricity. I think the most important thing before investing is to know why you are investing and what is doing to help you and the environment.

When looking for a place to live there are many factors that go along with that. Ultimately it depends on your needs and wants. Many people move to be with loved ones, for a job, or a new start. Deciding between living in a city, the country side or the suburbs would all depend on the type of person you are. For example, I love going to New York City, but I could never see myself living there. Although there is so much to do, it is very crowded, has a lot of traffic and does not have a homey feel to me. On the other hand, living in the country would also not be for me, there is not enough going on. I like to be around people, and I also like to have shops and a neighborhood feel. The best fit for me would be the suburbs, which is where I live now. I live in a neighborhood with a backyard and many neighbors who we are friendly with. I like being able to go for a bike ride or walk in the neighborhood or being able to hangout in my backyard. It gives you privacy but still much accessibility. I also like that everything Is in a general area the food stores, shops, and highways. Living in the suburbs I also feel very safe and comfortable. If needed to get to the city, it could always be train or car ride away. I think choosing where to live also depends where you grew up as child.